Pelvis and Perineum
1. Name the three (3) bones that form the “hip” bone (coxal bone).
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
2. Which part of the pelvis is located above (superior to) the pelvic brim?
_____________________________________________________________
3. What ligament converts the sciatic notch into the sciatic foramen?
_____________________________________________________________
4. What ligament subdivides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foraminae?
_____________________________________________________________
5. What two (2) muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
6. What three (3) muscles form the levator ani?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
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7. What muscle lies in (passes through) the greater sciatic foramen?
_____________________________________________________________
8. What muscle forms the lateral border of the urogenital hiatus?
___________________________________________________________
9. Name the peritoneal fold that, in the female, extends from the uterus to the lateral wall of the pelvis.
___________________________________________________________
10. What muscle lies between the superior and inferior pelvic fascia?
___________________________________________________________
11. What is the origin of the obturator artery?
___________________________________________________________
12. What is the origin of the internal pudendal artery?
___________________________________________________________
13. Into what vein does the internal iliac vein drain?
___________________________________________________________
14. What nerve is the main nerve of the perineum and the main sensory nerve of the external genitalia?
___________________________________________________________
15. What spinal segments give rise to parasympathetic fibers that innervate the structures of the pelvis?
___________________________________________________________
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16. What spinal segments contribute to the formation of the pudendal nerve?
___________________________________________________________
17. What nervous system structure interconnects the superior hypogastric plexus with the inferior hypogastric plexus?
_____________________________________________________________
18. Do the ureters course (anterior or posterior) to the common iliac artery as they enter the pelvis?
_____________________________________________________________
19. What is the name of the muscle that forms the wall of the urinary bladder?
_____________________________________________________________
20. What type of muscle forms the internal urethral sphincter?
_____________________________________________________________
21. What type of muscle forms the external urethral sphincter?
_____________________________________________________________
22. Name the nerves formed by parasympathetic fibers that provide motor innervation to the urinary bladder.
_____________________________________________________________
23. What structures mark the superior and inferior angles of the trigone of the urinary bladder?
a. superior angles ___________________________________
b. inferior angle ___________________________________
24. Indicate the origin of the three (3) arteries that supply the rectum
a. superior rectal art. ___________________________________
b. middle rectal art. ___________________________________
c. inferior rectal art. ___________________________________
25. What two (2) structures drain into the ejaculatory duct?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
26. What glands are embedded in the external urethral sphincter?
_____________________________________________________________
27. Name the four (4) parts of the uterine tube in order from distal to proximal
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________
28. What is the name of the large mesentery that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral wall and floor of the pelvis?
____________________________________________________________
29. What are the two (2) main parts of the uterus?
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
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30. Into what veins do the right and left ovarian veins commonly drain?
a. right ovarian vein __________________________________
b. left ovarian vein __________________________________
31. Into what veins do the right and left testicular veins drain?
a. right testicular vein __________________________________
b. left testicular vein __________________________________
32. Name the three (3) layers of the uterine wall from deep to superficial.
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
33. Name the space formed where the peritoneum “folds” from the urinary bladder to the uterus.
______________________________________________________________
34. Name the space formed where the peritoneum “folds” from the rectum to the uterus.
______________________________________________________________
35. The perineum is divided into two (2) triangles by a line passing between the right and left ischial tuberosities. What are the names of the two triangles formed by
this line?
a. anterior triangle ____________________________________
b. posterior triangle ____________________________________
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36. What are the boundaries of the deep perineal pouch (space)?
a. superior boundary ____________________________________
b. inferior boundary ____________________________________
37. In the male, what muscle is located in the deep perineal pouch (space)?
______________________________________________________________
38. In the male, what three (3) muscles are located in the superficial perineal pouch (space)?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
39. The pudendal canal (Alcock’s canal) is a small neurovascular passageway through which pass the pudendal vessels and nerve. This canal lies on the medial surface of what muscle of the pelvis?
___________________________________________________________
40. What type of muscle forms the internal anal sphincter?
___________________________________________________________
41. What type of muscle forms the external anal sphincter?
___________________________________________________________
42. What anatomical landmark marks the point of anastomosis between blood supply to the anus delivered by the superior rectal artery and the inferior rectal artery?
___________________________________________________________
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43. What anatomical landmark marks point of transition between the part of the anus with epithelium derived from endoderm (hindgut) and the part with epithelium derived from ectoderm (proctodeum)?
___________________________________________________________
44. What is the name of the single (unpaired) cylindrical structure forming part of the shaft of the penis?
___________________________________________________________
45. What is the name of the paired cylindrical structures forming part of the shaft of the penis?
___________________________________________________________
46. The skin of the scrotum is innervated by two nerves: the anterior and posterior scrotal nerves. What two (2) nerves contribute to each of these
scrotal nerves?
anterior scrotal nerve
a. ____________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________
posterior scrotal nerve
c. ____________________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________________
47. What artery is the origin of branches that supply corpora of the penis?
__________________________________________________________
48. What glands are located on either side of the vestibule of the vagina?
__________________________________________________________
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49. Name the peritoneal fold that, in the female, extends from the ovary to the fallopian tube.
___________________________________________________________
50. Not including the femoral artery, what are the two (2) main branches of the external iliac artery?
a. ____________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________
51. What are the eleven (11) branches of the internal iliac artery?
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
d. _____________________________________________________
e. _____________________________________________________
f. _____________________________________________________
g. _____________________________________________________
h. _____________________________________________________
i. _____________________________________________________
j. (female) ________________________________________
k. (female) ________________________________________
52. Into what vein do each of the three (3) rectal veins drain?
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
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53. What are the three (4) parts of the male urethra?
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
d. _____________________________________________________
54. What is the thick external covering of the testes?
___________________________________________________________
55. What is the dense plexus of veins on the surface of the testes that drains into the testicular vein?
___________________________________________________________
56. What structure connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?
___________________________________________________________
57. Wat two (2) muscles lie in the deep perineal space in the male?
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
58. What nerve innervates the muscles in the deep perineal space?
___________________________________________________________
59. What structure in the female is the homologue of the male bulbourethral glands?
___________________________________________________________
60. What nerve provides motor innervation to the external anal sphincter?
___________________________________________________________
Answer Key
1. a. ilium
b. ischium
c. pubis
2. false pelvis
3. sacrotuberous ligament
4. sacrospinous ligament
5. a. levator ani
b. coccygeus
6. a. puborectalis
b. pubococcygeus
c. iliococcygeus
7. piriformis
8. puborectalis
9. broad ligament (mesometrium)
10. levator ani
11. internal iliac a (ant. div.)
12. internal iliac (ant. div.)
13. common iliac vein
14. pudendal nerve
15. S2 – S4
16. S2 – S4
17. hypogastric nerves
18. anterior
19. detrusor muscle
20. smooth muscle
21. striated (skeletal) muscle
22. pelvic splanchnic nerves
23. a. ureteric orifices
b. urethral orifice
24. a. inferior mesenteric artery
b. internal iliac artery
c. internal pudendal artery
25. a. ductus deferens
b. seminal glands
26. bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands
27. a. infundibulum
b. ampulla
c. isthmus
d. uterine part
28. broad ligament
29. a. body
b. cervix
30. a. inferior vena cava
b. left renal vein
31. a. inferior vena cava
b. left renal vein
32. a. perimetrium
b. myometrium
c. endometrium
33. vesicouterine pouch
34. rectouterine pouch
35. a. urogenital triangle
b. anal triangle
36. a. inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm
b. perineal membrane
37. deep transverse perineus
38. a. bulbospongiosus
b. ischiocavernosus
c. superficial transverse perineus
39. obturator internus
40. smooth muscle
41. striated muscle
42. pectinate line
43. pectinate line
44. corpus spongiosum
45. corpus cavernosum
46. a. ilioinguinal nerve
b. genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
c. superficial branch of the pudendal nerve
d. perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
47. internal pudendal artery
48. vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands
49. broad ligament (mesosalpinx)
50. a. inferior epigastric artery
b. deep circumflex iliac artery
51. a. iliolumbar artery
b. lateral sacral artery
c. superior gluteal artery
d. obturator artery
e. internal pudendal artery
f. inferior gluteal artery
g. umbilical artery
h. inferior vesical artery
i. middle rectal artery
j. (female) uterine artery
k. (female) vaginal artery
52. a. inferior mesenteric vein
b. internal iliac vein
c. internal iliac vein
53. a. prostatic urethra
b. membranous urethra
c. spongy urethra
d. penile urethra
54. tunica albiguinea
55. pampiniform plexus
56. ductus deferens
57. a. sphincter urethrae
b. deep transverse perineus
58. pudendal nerve
59. greater vestibular glands
60. inferior rectal nerve
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