Human Anatomy Self-Assessment Review Questions and answers

• Head and Face 

Pelvis and Perineum 

1. Name the three (3) bones that form the “hip” bone (coxal bone).

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

2. Which part of the pelvis is located above (superior to) the pelvic brim?

_____________________________________________________________

3. What ligament converts the sciatic notch into the sciatic foramen?

_____________________________________________________________

4. What ligament subdivides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foraminae?

_____________________________________________________________

5. What two (2) muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

6. What three (3) muscles form the levator ani?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

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7. What muscle lies in (passes through) the greater sciatic foramen?

_____________________________________________________________

8. What muscle forms the lateral border of the urogenital hiatus?

___________________________________________________________

9. Name the peritoneal fold that, in the female, extends from the uterus to the lateral wall of the pelvis.

___________________________________________________________ 

10. What muscle lies between the superior and inferior pelvic fascia?

___________________________________________________________

11. What is the origin of the obturator artery?

___________________________________________________________

12. What is the origin of the internal pudendal artery?

___________________________________________________________

13. Into what vein does the internal iliac vein drain?

___________________________________________________________

14. What nerve is the main nerve of the perineum and the main sensory nerve of the external genitalia?

___________________________________________________________

15. What spinal segments give rise to parasympathetic fibers that innervate the structures of the pelvis?

___________________________________________________________

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16. What spinal segments contribute to the formation of the pudendal nerve?

___________________________________________________________

17. What nervous system structure interconnects the superior hypogastric plexus with the inferior hypogastric plexus?

_____________________________________________________________

18. Do the ureters course (anterior or posterior) to the common iliac artery as they enter the pelvis?

_____________________________________________________________

19. What is the name of the muscle that forms the wall of the urinary bladder?

_____________________________________________________________

20. What type of muscle forms the internal urethral sphincter?

_____________________________________________________________

21. What type of muscle forms the external urethral sphincter?

_____________________________________________________________

22. Name the nerves formed by parasympathetic fibers that provide motor innervation to the urinary bladder.

_____________________________________________________________

23. What structures mark the superior and inferior angles of the trigone of the urinary bladder?

a. superior angles ___________________________________

b. inferior angle ___________________________________

24. Indicate the origin of the three (3) arteries that supply the rectum

a. superior rectal art. ___________________________________

b. middle rectal art. ___________________________________

c. inferior rectal art. ___________________________________

25. What two (2) structures drain into the ejaculatory duct?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

26. What glands are embedded in the external urethral sphincter?

_____________________________________________________________

27. Name the four (4) parts of the uterine tube in order from distal to proximal

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________

28. What is the name of the large mesentery that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral wall and floor of the pelvis?

____________________________________________________________

29. What are the two (2) main parts of the uterus?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

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30. Into what veins do the right and left ovarian veins commonly drain?

a. right ovarian vein __________________________________

b. left ovarian vein __________________________________

31. Into what veins do the right and left testicular veins drain? 

a. right testicular vein __________________________________

b. left testicular vein __________________________________

32. Name the three (3) layers of the uterine wall from deep to superficial.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

33. Name the space formed where the peritoneum “folds” from the urinary bladder to the uterus.

______________________________________________________________

34. Name the space formed where the peritoneum “folds” from the rectum to the uterus.

______________________________________________________________

35. The perineum is divided into two (2) triangles by a line passing between the right and left ischial tuberosities. What are the names of the two triangles formed by 

this line? 

a. anterior triangle ____________________________________

b. posterior triangle ____________________________________

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36. What are the boundaries of the deep perineal pouch (space)?

a. superior boundary ____________________________________

b. inferior boundary ____________________________________

37. In the male, what muscle is located in the deep perineal pouch (space)?

______________________________________________________________

38. In the male, what three (3) muscles are located in the superficial perineal pouch (space)?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

39. The pudendal canal (Alcock’s canal) is a small neurovascular passageway through which pass the pudendal vessels and nerve. This canal lies on the medial surface of what muscle of the pelvis? 

___________________________________________________________

40. What type of muscle forms the internal anal sphincter?

___________________________________________________________

41. What type of muscle forms the external anal sphincter?

___________________________________________________________

42. What anatomical landmark marks the point of anastomosis between blood supply to the anus delivered by the superior rectal artery and the inferior rectal artery?

___________________________________________________________

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43. What anatomical landmark marks point of transition between the part of the anus with epithelium derived from endoderm (hindgut) and the part with epithelium derived from ectoderm (proctodeum)?

___________________________________________________________

44. What is the name of the single (unpaired) cylindrical structure forming part of the shaft of the penis?

___________________________________________________________

45. What is the name of the paired cylindrical structures forming part of the shaft of the penis?

___________________________________________________________

46. The skin of the scrotum is innervated by two nerves: the anterior and posterior scrotal nerves. What two (2) nerves contribute to each of these 

scrotal nerves?

anterior scrotal nerve

a. ____________________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________________

posterior scrotal nerve

c. ____________________________________________________

d. ____________________________________________________

47. What artery is the origin of branches that supply corpora of the penis?

__________________________________________________________

48. What glands are located on either side of the vestibule of the vagina?

__________________________________________________________

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49. Name the peritoneal fold that, in the female, extends from the ovary to the fallopian tube.

___________________________________________________________ 

50. Not including the femoral artery, what are the two (2) main branches of the external iliac artery? 

a. ____________________________________________________ 

b. ____________________________________________________

51. What are the eleven (11) branches of the internal iliac artery? 

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________ 

c. _____________________________________________________

d. _____________________________________________________ 

e. _____________________________________________________ 

f. _____________________________________________________

g. _____________________________________________________ 

h. _____________________________________________________

i. _____________________________________________________ 

j. (female) ________________________________________ 

k. (female) ________________________________________

 52. Into what vein do each of the three (3) rectal veins drain?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

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53. What are the three (4) parts of the male urethra?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

d. _____________________________________________________ 

54. What is the thick external covering of the testes?

___________________________________________________________ 

55. What is the dense plexus of veins on the surface of the testes that drains into the testicular vein? 

___________________________________________________________ 

56. What structure connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?

___________________________________________________________

57. Wat two (2) muscles lie in the deep perineal space in the male?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

58. What nerve innervates the muscles in the deep perineal space?

___________________________________________________________ 

59. What structure in the female is the homologue of the male bulbourethral glands?

___________________________________________________________

60. What nerve provides motor innervation to the external anal sphincter?

___________________________________________________________

Answer Key 

1. a. ilium

b. ischium

c. pubis

2. false pelvis

3. sacrotuberous ligament

4. sacrospinous ligament

5. a. levator ani

b. coccygeus

6. a. puborectalis

b. pubococcygeus

c. iliococcygeus

7. piriformis

8. puborectalis

9. broad ligament (mesometrium)

10. levator ani

11. internal iliac a (ant. div.)

12. internal iliac (ant. div.)

13. common iliac vein

14. pudendal nerve

15. S2 – S4

16. S2 – S4

17. hypogastric nerves

18. anterior

19. detrusor muscle

20. smooth muscle

21. striated (skeletal) muscle

22. pelvic splanchnic nerves

23. a. ureteric orifices

b. urethral orifice

24. a. inferior mesenteric artery

b. internal iliac artery

c. internal pudendal artery

25. a. ductus deferens

b. seminal glands

26. bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands

27. a. infundibulum

b. ampulla

c. isthmus

d. uterine part

28. broad ligament

29. a. body

b. cervix

30. a. inferior vena cava

b. left renal vein

31. a. inferior vena cava

b. left renal vein

32. a. perimetrium

b. myometrium

c. endometrium

33. vesicouterine pouch

34. rectouterine pouch

35. a. urogenital triangle

b. anal triangle

36. a. inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm

b. perineal membrane

37. deep transverse perineus

38. a. bulbospongiosus

b. ischiocavernosus

c. superficial transverse perineus

39. obturator internus

40. smooth muscle

41. striated muscle

42. pectinate line

43. pectinate line

44. corpus spongiosum

45. corpus cavernosum

46. a. ilioinguinal nerve

b. genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

c. superficial branch of the pudendal nerve

d. perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

47. internal pudendal artery

48. vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands

49. broad ligament (mesosalpinx) 

50. a. inferior epigastric artery

b. deep circumflex iliac artery

51. a. iliolumbar artery

b. lateral sacral artery

c. superior gluteal artery

d. obturator artery

e. internal pudendal artery

f. inferior gluteal artery

g. umbilical artery

h. inferior vesical artery

i. middle rectal artery 

j. (female) uterine artery

k. (female) vaginal artery

52. a. inferior mesenteric vein

b. internal iliac vein

c. internal iliac vein

53. a. prostatic urethra

b. membranous urethra

c. spongy urethra

d. penile urethra

54. tunica albiguinea

55. pampiniform plexus

56. ductus deferens

57. a. sphincter urethrae

b. deep transverse perineus

58. pudendal nerve 

59. greater vestibular glands

60. inferior rectal nerve