Human Anatomy Self-Assessment Review Questions and answers

• Mouth and Pharynx

Head and Face 

1. What bones are joined to form the lambda?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

2. What bones are joined to form the bregma?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

3. What two (2) bones contribute to the zygomatic arch? 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

4. What four (4) bones contribute to the formation of the pterion?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________ 

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________ 

5. At approximately what age does the anterior fontanelle become no longer palpable?

____________________________________________________________

6. What structure divides the intracranial compartment into right and left halves?

____________________________________________________________

7. What structure divides the intracranial compartment into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments?

____________________________________________________________

8. What are the five (5) layers of the scalp?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________ 

d. ______________________________________________________

e. ______________________________________________________

9. What branch of the external carotid artery:

a. is palpable along the inferior border of the mandible?

 ______________________________________________________

b. supplies the structure of the tongue?

 ______________________________________________________

c. is palpable in the temporal fossa? 

 ______________________________________________________

d. supplies part of the thyroid gland?

 ______________________________________________________

e. enters the pterygopalatine fossa?

 ______________________________________________________

10. What artery anastomoses from the front with the intraorbital branches of the ophthalmic artery?

______________________________________________________

11. What dural venous sinus:

a. lies in the superior margin of the falx cerebri? 

 ______________________________________________________

b. lies in the inferior margin of the falx cerebri? 

 ______________________________________________________

c. lies along the petrous ridge? 

 ______________________________________________________

d. lies immediately lateral to the sella turcica?

 ______________________________________________________

e. at the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli? 

 ______________________________________________________

12. Which two (2) dural venous sinuses drain directly into the jugular vein?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

13. What artery enters the cranial cavity by passing through the foramen magnum?

_____________________________________________________________

14. What artery enters the cranial cavity by passing through the foramen spinosum? 

_____________________________________________________________

15. What two (2) arteries are connected by way of the anterior communication artery? 

a. _______________________________________________________ 

b. ______________________________________________________

16. What two (2) arteries are connected by way of the posterior communication artery?

a. ______________________________________________________ 

b. ______________________________________________________

17. What are the five (5) major intracranial branches of the internal carotid artery?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________

e. ______________________________________________________

18. What cranial nerve passes through the parotid gland? 

____________________________________________________________ 

19. What are the four (4) muscles of mastication?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________ 

d. ______________________________________________________

20. What cranial nerve mediates sensation from the: 

a. forehead over the eyebrows

 ______________________________________________________

b. skin over the maxilla

 ______________________________________________________

c. skin over the mental tubercle

 ______________________________________________________

21. What cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?

____________________________________________________________

a. What is the location of the postganglionic cell body? 

 ______________________________________________________

22. What cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and submaxillary glands? 

_____________________________________________________________

a. What is the location of the postganglionic cell body? 

 ______________________________________________________

23. What cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland?

_____________________________________________________________

a. What is the location of the postganglionic cell body?

 _____________________________________________________

24. What cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression?

_____________________________________________________________

25. What cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?

_____________________________________________________________

26. What cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to the face?

_____________________________________________________________

a. What branch of this nerve innervates the skin over the eyebrow?

 ______________________________________________________

 1) Which opening in the middle cranial fossa contains the axons 

of this nerve branch?

 ________________________________________________

b. What branch of this nerve innervates the skin over the maxilla?

 _______________________________________________________

 1) Which opening in the middle cranial fossa contains the axons of 

this nerve branch?

 _________________________________________________

c. What branch of this nerve innervates the skin over the mental protuberance?

 ________________________________________________________

 1) Which opening in the middle cranial fossa contains the axons of 

this nerve branch?

 _________________________________________________

27. What foramen transmits the axons of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

______________________________________________________________

28. What striated (skeletal) muscle is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

______________________________________________________________

29. What special sensory functions are mediated by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

a. _______________________________________________________

b. _______________________________________________________

30. What foramen transmits the axons of the vagus nerve?

______________________________________________________________

31. What striated muscles are innervated by the vagus nerve?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________ 

32. What is the effect of the vagus nerve on heart rate?

_____________________________________________________________

33. What is the effect of the vagus nerve on gastric and intestinal motility?

_____________________________________________________________

34. What special sensory functions are mediated by the vagus nerve?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________ 

35. What two foramina transmit the axons of the spinal accessory nerve?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________ 

36. What muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________ 

37. What foramen transmits the axons of the hypoglossal nerve?

___________________________________________________________

38. What muscle innervated by the hypoglossal nerve is primarily involved in protrusion of the tongue?

___________________________________________________________

39. What cranial nerve exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen?

___________________________________________________________ 

40. Through what foramen does the facial nerve enter the skull (exit the posterior cranial fossa)?

___________________________________________________________

41. Through what foramen does the facial nerve exit the skull?

___________________________________________________________

42. What are the five terminal branches of the facial nerve that emerge from the substance of the parotid gland?

a. ____________________________________________________ 

b. ____________________________________________________

c. ____________________________________________________ 

d. ____________________________________________________ 

e. ____________________________________________________

43. What two (2) nerves form the nerve of the pterygoid canal (Vidian nerve)? 

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

44. What cranial nerve gives rise to the chorda tympani?

____________________________________________________________

45. What cranial nerve gives rise to the greater superficial petrosal nerve?

____________________________________________________________

46. What cranial nerve gives rise to the tympanic nerve? 

____________________________________________________________

47. What two (2) nerves provide sensory innervation to the meninges surrounding the brain?

a. ______________________________________________________ 

b. ______________________________________________________

48. Other than the muscles of mastication and the muscles of the scalp, what four (4) skeletal muscles are innervated by the trigeminal nerve? 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________ 

d. ______________________________________________________ 

49. Other than the muscles of facial expression and the auricular muscles, what three (3) skeletal muscles are innervated by the facial nerve? 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________ 

50. Which intracranial foramina transmits the axons of the ophthalmic nerve? 

_____________________________________________________________

51. Which intracranial foramina transmits the axons of the maxillary nerve?

_____________________________________________________________

52. Which intracranial foramina transmits the axons of the mandibular nerve?

_____________________________________________________________ 

53. Which intracranial foramina transmits the axons of the optic nerve? 

_____________________________________________________________

54. What three (3) cranial nerves pass through the internal auditory (acoustic) meatus? 

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________ 

55. What nerve passes through the mandibular foramen? 

___________________________________________________________

56. What autonomic ganglion is located in the orbit?

___________________________________________________________

57. What autonomic ganglion is located in the pterygopalatine fossa?

___________________________________________________________ 

58. What autonomic ganglion is located immediately below the foramen ovale? 

___________________________________________________________ 

59. What autonomic ganglion is located in the floor of the mouth? 

___________________________________________________________ 

60. What nerve passes from the infratemporal fossa to the orbit by way of the inferior orbital fissure? 

___________________________________________________________ 

61. What artery lies in the cavernous sinus? 

___________________________________________________________

62. What nerve passes through the cavernous sinus? 

___________________________________________________________ 

63. What nerve passes through the sphenopalatine foramen? 

___________________________________________________________

64. What artery passes into the pterygopalatine fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure? 

___________________________________________________________ 

65. What nerve exits the skull by way of th stylomastoid foramen? 

___________________________________________________________ 

66. Which cranial nerve gives rise to parasympathetic fibers that are part of the lesser petrosal nerve? 

___________________________________________________________ 

67. Which cranial nerve gives rise to parasympathetic fibers that are part of the Tympanic nerve? 

___________________________________________________________

68. Where are the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve cell bodies that receive synaptic input from the fibers of the lesser petrosal nerve? 

___________________________________________________________ 

69. What nerve emerges from the mental foramen?

___________________________________________________________ 

70. The glabella is a feature of what bone? 

___________________________________________________________

71. The cribriform plate is a feature of what bone? 

___________________________________________________________ 

72. The sella turcica is a feature of what bone? 

_____________________________________________________________ 

73. The styloid process is a feature of what bone? 

_____________________________________________________________ 

74. What two (2) bones form the clivus? 

a. ______________________________________________________ 

b. ______________________________________________________ 

75. What veins transmit blood from the scalp to the dural venous sinuses? 

_____________________________________________________________ 

76. What veins are located between the inner and outer layers of the calvarium? 

_____________________________________________________________ 

77. What two (2) venous structures merge to form the straight sinus? 

_____________________________________________________________

78. What nerve exits the skull by way of the petrotympanic fissure? 

_____________________________________________________________

Answer Key 

1. a. occipital bone

b. parietal bone

2. a. frontal bone

b. parietal bone

3. a. zygomatic bone

b. temporal bone

4. a. frontal bone

b. parietal bone

c. temporal bone

d. sphenoid bone

5. approximately 18 months

6. falx cerebri

7. tentorium cerebelli

8. a. skin

b. dense connective tissue

c. epicranial aponeurosis

d. loose connective tissue

e. periosteum (pericranuim)

9. a. facial artery

b. lingual artery

c. superficial temporal artery

d. superior thyroid artery

e. maxillary artery

10. facial artery

11. a. superior sagittal sinus

b. inferior sagittal sinus

c. superior petrosal sinus

d. cavernous sinus

e. straight sinus

12. a. inferior petrosal sinus

b. sigmoid sinus

13. vertebral artery

14. middle meningeal artery

15. a. right anterior cerebral artery

b. left anterior cerebral artery

16. a. middle cerebral artery

b. posterior cerebral artery

17. a. ophthalmic artery

b. anterior choroidal artery

c. posterior communicating artery

d. middle cerebral artery

e. anterior cerebral artery

18. facial nerve

19. a. temporalis

b. masseter

c. lateral pterygoid

d. medial pterygoid

20. a. ophthalmic nerve

b. maxillary nerve

c. mandibular nerve

21. glossopharyngeal nerve

a. otic ganglion

22. facial nerve

a. submandibular ganglion

23. facial nerve

a. pterygopalatine ganglion

24. facial nerve

25. trigeminal nerve

26. trigeminal nerve

a. ophthalmic nerve

1) superior orbital fissure

b. maxillary nerve

 1) foramen rotundum

c. mandibular nerve

 1) foramen ovale

27. jugular foramen

28. stylopharyngeus 

29. a. taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

b. arterial pressure measured at the carotid sinus

30. jugular foramen

31. a. laryngeal muscles

b. upper third of the pharyngeal constrictors

32. slowing of heart rate

33. increased motility

34. a. blood gas monitoring at carotid body

 b. taste from the epiglottis

35. a. foramen magnum

 b. jugular foramen

36. a sternocleidomastoid

 b. trapezius

37. hypoglossal canal

38. genioglossus

39. facial nerve

40. internal auditory (acoustic) meatus

41. stylomastoid foramen

42. a. temporal branch

b. zygomatic branch

c. buccal branch

d. marginal mandibular branch

e. cervical branch

43. a. greater superficial petrosal nerve

b. deep petrosal nerve

44. facial nerve (nervus intermedius)

45. facial nerve (nervus intermedius)

46. glossopharyngeal nerve

47. a. trigeminal

b. vagus

48. a. tensor tympani

b. tensor veli palatini

c. anterior belly of the digastric

d. mylohyoid 

49. a. posterior belly of the digastric

b. stapedius 

c. stylohyoid

50. superior orbital fissure

51. foramen rotundum

52. foramen ovale

53. optic foramen

54. a. facial nerve

b. vestibular nerve

c. cochlear nerve

55. inferior alveolar nerve 

56. ciliary ganglion

57. pterygopalatine ganglion

58. otic ganglion

59. submandibular ganglion

60. maxillary nerve

61. internal carotid artery

62. abducens nerve

63. nasopalatine nerve

64. maxillary artery

65. facial nerve

66. glossopharyngeal nerve

67. glossopharyngeal nerve

68. otic ganglion 

69. mental nerve

70. frontal bone

71. ethmoid bone

72. sphenoid bone

73. temporal bone

74. a. sphenoid bone

b. occipital bone

75. emissary veins

76. diploic veins

77. a. great vein of Galen

b. inferior sagittal sinus

78. chorda tympani