Objectives By the end of this lecture, students should be able to: Consolidate key principles of global competition law Synthesize major legal concepts across all course modules Understand how competition law principles are applied through case law Compare international and local approaches to enforcement Prepare effectively for examinations and practical assessments 1. Overview of Global Competition Law 1.1 Purpose of Competition Law Competition law exists to promote fair competition, prevent market distortions, and protect consumers from anti-competitive conduct such as cartels , monopolies , and abusive practices. 1.2 Core Objectives Promotion of consumer welfare Protection of economic efficiency Prevention of market power abuse Encouragement of innovation and market entry 1.3 Global Dimension With increasing globalisation , competition law now operates beyond national borders, requiring cooperation between states and regulatory authorities. 2. Revision of Key Subst...

Objectives By the end of this lecture, students should be able to: Understand the structure and purpose of local competition laws Compare competition law frameworks across different regions Identify similarities and differences in enforcement approaches Analyze key regional and national competition cases Appreciate the role of regional integration in competition law enforcement 1. Introduction to Local Competition Laws 1.1 Meaning of Local Competition Laws Local competition laws are national or regional legal frameworks enacted to regulate market behaviour within a specific jurisdiction. These laws aim to prevent anti-competitive conduct , promote market efficiency, and protect consumer welfare. 1.2 Importance of Local Enforcement Effective local enforcement ensures that competition law principles are adapted to domestic economic conditions while aligning with international standards. 1.3 Interaction with Global Competition Law Local laws increasingly operate alongside...

Objectives By the end of this lecture, students should be able to: Understand the need for cross-border competition law enforcement Explain mechanisms for international cooperation among authorities Identify challenges in cross-border investigations Analyze notable international enforcement cases Appreciate the role of global institutions in competition law enforcement 1. Introduction to Cross-Border Enforcement 1.1 Meaning of Cross-Border Enforcement Cross-border enforcement refers to the application and coordination of competition law across national boundaries where anti-competitive conduct affects more than one jurisdiction. Such enforcement is necessary due to the global nature of modern business activities. 1.2 Rationale for International Cooperation Anti-competitive practices such as cartels , abuse of dominance , and anti-competitive mergers often operate across borders. Without cooperation, enforcement gaps may arise, allowing firms to evade liability. 1.3 Jurisdictional ...

Objectives By the end of this lecture, students should be able to: Understand the concept and purpose of merger control Identify different types of mergers and concentrations Explain how mergers are assessed under competition law Understand major global merger control regimes Appreciate the role of international cooperation in merger regulation 1. Introduction to Merger Control 1.1 Meaning of Merger Control Merger control refers to the legal framework used to regulate mergers, acquisitions , and other forms of business concentrations . Its primary objective is to prevent transactions that may significantly reduce competition or create dominant market positions. 1.2 Rationale for Merger Regulation While mergers can generate efficiencies and economic growth, they may also lead to reduced competition, higher prices, reduced innovation, and market foreclosure . Merger control seeks to balance economic benefits with the need to protect competitive markets. 1.3 Scope of Merger Control Merg...