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Human Anatomy Self-Assessment Review Questions and answers

Labeled color photograph of an adult female lower limb (leg) and surface anatomy

Lower Limb 

1. What two (2) bones form the pelvic girdle? 

a. _______________________________________________________

b. _______________________________________________________

2. What three (3) bones form the hip bone (os coxae or innominate bone)? 

a. _______________________________________________________

b. _______________________________________________________

c. _______________________________________________________

3. What are the two attachments of the inguinal ligament? 

a. lateral attachment ____________________________________

b. medial attachment ____________________________________

4. What is the numerical value of the angle of inclination in the adult?

______________________________________________________________

5. What is the numerical value of the angle of declination (torsion) in the adult?

______________________________________________________________

6. What is the name of the deep fascia of the thigh?

______________________________________________________________

7. What is the name of the thickened part of the deep fascia on the lateral surface of the thigh?

______________________________________________________________

8. What is the name of the thin fascial layer that covers the saphenous opening of the fascia lata?

______________________________________________________________

9. Into what vein does the great saphenous vein drain?

______________________________________________________________

10. Into what vein does the small saphenous vein drain?

______________________________________________________________

11. What spinal segments give rise to nerve fibers that form the femoral nerve?

______________________________________________________________

12. What spinal segments give rise to nerve fibers that form the obturator nerve?

______________________________________________________________ 

13. What peripheral nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin on the dorsal surface of the foot between the 1st and 2nd metatarsals?

______________________________________________________________

14. What is the origin of the sartorius?

______________________________________________________________

15. What is the origin of the rectus femoris?

______________________________________________________________

16. What is the insertion of the psoas major?

______________________________________________________________

17. The adductor hiatus is an opening in the aponeurotic attachment of what muscle?

______________________________________________________________

18. What structure passes through the adductor hiatus?

_____________________________________________________________

19. What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

a. superior _______________________________________________

b. medial _______________________________________________

c. lateral _______________________________________________

20. List from lateral to medial, the three (3) neurovascular structures that course through the femoral triangle.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

21. Is the femoral canal located (medial / lateral) to the neurovascular structures of the femoral triangle?

_____________________________________________________________

22. What is located in the femoral canal?

_____________________________________________________________

23. Which of the structures passing deep to the inguinal ligament is NOT enclosed in the femoral sheath?

____________________________________________________________

24. What is the terminal branch of the femoral nerve?

____________________________________________________________

25. In addition to the femoral nerve, what other nerve passes deep to the inguinal ligament to reach the thigh?

____________________________________________________________

26. What nerve provides motor innervation to the adductor muscles of the thigh?

____________________________________________________________

27. What is the major artery that supplies the structures of the thigh?

____________________________________________________________

28. What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?

____________________________________________________________

29. What three (3) muscles insert as the pes anserinus?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

30. Name the nerve that innervates each of the two heads of the biceps femoris.

a. long head _________________________________________

b. short head _________________________________________

31. The sciatic nerve passes through the gluteal region by passing either under, over, or through what muscle?

____________________________________________________________

32. What nerve lies in the floor of the popliteal fossa?

____________________________________________________________

33. Name the cutaneous nerve of the posterior surface of the leg.

____________________________________________________________

34. What nerve lies immediately posterior to the head of the fibula?

____________________________________________________________

35. Name the four (4) muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________

36. What nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

____________________________________________________________

37. Name the three (3) muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the leg. 

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

38. Name the four (4) muscles of the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg. 

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

d. _____________________________________________________

39. The pulse of what artery can be palpated on the dorsal surface of the foot?

____________________________________________________________

40. What are the two (2) actions at the ankle of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

41. What nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin over the lateral surface of the 5th metatarsal?

_____________________________________________________________

42. Which two (2) muscles of the leg exert an action on the knee joint?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

43. What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

_____________________________________________________________

44. What nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin over the anterior compartment of the leg?

_____________________________________________________________

45. What nerve of the leg terminates as the medial and lateral plantar nerves of the foot?

_____________________________________________________________

46. Name the three (3) ligaments that reinforce the stability of the hip joint.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

47. What artery gives rise to the artery of the head of the femur?

_____________________________________________________________

48. What artery is the usual origin of the anterior and posterior femoral circumflex arteries?

_____________________________________________________________

49. What ligament of the knee resists posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur?

_____________________________________________________________

50. What ligament of the ankle joint is commonly referred to as the deltoid ligament?

_____________________________________________________________

51. The pulse of what artery can be palpated on the posterior to the medial malleolus?

_____________________________________________________________

52. What are the six (6) main branches of the femoral artery in the femoral triangle?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________

e. ______________________________________________________

f. ______________________________________________________

Answer Key 

1. a. os coxae (innominate bone)

b. sacrum

2. a. ilium

b. ischium

c. pubis

3. a. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

b. pubic tubercle

4. a. 126 degrees (range 115 – 140)

5. a. 7 degrees – males and 12 degrees – females

6. fascia lata

7. iliotibial band (tract)

8. cribriform fascia

9. femoral vein

10. popliteal vein

11. L2, L3, L4

12. L2, L3, L4

13. deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

14. anterior superior iliac spine 

15. anterior inferior iliac spine

16. lesser trochanter

17. adductor magnus

18. femoral artery

19. a. inguinal ligament

b. adductor longus

c. sartorius

20. a. femoral vein

b. femoral artery

c. femoral nerve

21. medial

22. deep inguinal lymph nodes (node of Cloquet)

23. femoral nerve

24. saphenous nerve

25. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

26. obturator nerve

27. profunda femoris artery

28. greater trochanter of the femur

29. a. sartorius

b. gracilis

c. semitendinosus

30. a. tibial nerve

b. common fibular (peroneal) nerve

31. piriformis

32. tibial nerve

33. sural nerve

34. common fibular nerve

35. a. tibialis anterior

b. extensor hallucis longus

c. extensor digitorum

d. fibularis tertius

36. anterior tibial nerve

37. a. gastrocnemius

b. soleus

c. plantaris

38. a. tibialis posterior

b. flexor hallucis longus

c. flexor digitorum longus

d. popliteus

39. dorsalis pedis artery

40. a. plantar flexion

b. eversion

41. superficial fibular nerve

42. a. gastrocnemius

b. popliteus

43. calcaneus

44. saphenous nerve

45. tibial nerve

46. a. iliofemoral ligament

b. ischiofemoral ligament

c. pubofemoral ligament

47. obturator artery

48. profunda femoris aartery

49. posterior cruciate ligament

50. medial ligament of the ankle

51. posterior tibial artery 

52. a. profunda (deep) femoral artery

b. superficial circumflex iliac artery

c. superficial external pudendal artery

d. superficial epigastric artery

e. deep external pudendal artery

f. descending genicular artery

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