Human Anatomy Self-Assessment Review Questions and answers

• Mediastinum

Thoracic Wall 

1. Name the three (3) parts of the sternum.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

2. Which rib attaches anteriorly at the level of the sternal angle (angle of Louis)?

____________________________________________________________

3. Which ribs are defined as vertebra-sternal ribs?

____________________________________________________________

4. At rest, what vertebral body would be crossed by a horizontal line extending posteriorly from the xiphisternal joint?

____________________________________________________________

5. Which spinal nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the nipple?

____________________________________________________________

6. In the midaxillary line, the intercostal vessels and nerves are located between which two intercostal muscles?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

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7. Name the artery that is the origin of each of the arteries listed below.

a. anterior intercostal art. ______________________

b. posterior intercostal art. ______________________

8. Which set of posterior intercostal arteries (left or right) passes laterally, across the vertebral body to reach the intercostal space? 

_____________________________________________________________

9. The intercostal vessels and nerve lie in the costal groove. What is the order of these structures from superior to inferior?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

10. What is the action of each of the muscles listed below?

a. serratus posterior inferior ___________________________

b. serratus posterior superior ___________________________

11. The female breast receives its arterial blood supply by way of the medial and lateral mammary arteries. What is the origin of each of these two sets of vessels?

a. lateral mammary art ___________________________

b. medial mammary art ___________________________

12. What are the two (2) terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________ 

13. At rest, what vertebral body would be crossed by a horizontal line extending posteriorly from the sternal angle?

_____________________________________________________________

14. Which costal cartilage marks the point where the internal thoracic artery divides into its two (2) terminal branches? 

_____________________________________________________________

Pleura and Lungs

1. Name the four (4) parts of the parietal pleura.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________

2. What structure passes over the top of the hilum of the lung on the right side?

____________________________________________________________

3. What structure passes over the top of the hilum of the lung on the left side?

____________________________________________________________

4. What is the name of the pleural structure that extends inferiorly from the root of the lung to the diaphragm?

____________________________________________________________

5. At what vertebral level does the trachea divide into main stem bronchi?

____________________________________________________________

6. Into what vessel do each of the following veins drain into?

a. left bronchial vein ___________________________

b. right bronchial vein ___________________________

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7. Which main stem bronchus is wider?

____________________________________________________________ 

8. Indicate the rib overlying the pleural reflection in the: 

a. midclavicular line _____________________________________ 

b. midaxillary line _____________________________________

c. midscapular line _____________________________________ 

9. Which costal cartilage marks the point where the pleural reflection moves laterally beneath the body of the sternum on the right side?

_______________________________________________________________

10. Which costal cartilage marks the point where the pleural reflection moves laterally beneath the body of the sternum on the right side?

_______________________________________________________________ 

11. Which rib overlies the lung boundary in the:

a. midclavicular line _____________________________________ 

b. midaxillary line _____________________________________

c. midscapular line _____________________________________ 

12. Which costal cartilage marks the point where the medial edge of the right lung moves laterally beneath the body of the sternum? 

_______________________________________________________________

13. Which costal cartilage marks the point where the medial edge of the left lung moves laterally beneath the body of the sternum? 

_______________________________________________________________

14. The oblique fissure lies parallel to a line connecting the: 

a. ___________________ spinous process posteriorly

b. ___________________ rib in the midaxillary line

c. ___________________ costal cartilage anteriorly 

15. The horizontal fissure lies parallel to a line interconnecting the:

a. __________________ in the midaxillary line laterally

b. __________________ costal cartilage anteriorly 

16. What spinal cord segments give rise to the phrenic nerve? 

___________________________________________________________ 

17. Which lobe of the lung is aerated by the eparterial bronchus? 

___________________________________________________________

18. In the root of the neck, the phrenic nerve lies on the anterior surface of what muscle?

___________________________________________________________ 

19. The phrenic nerve lies (anterior / posterior) to the root of the lung as it descends toward the diaphragm?

___________________________________________________________ 

20. What vessels accompany the phrenic nerve as it passes the root of the lung?

___________________________________________________________

Answer Key

Thoracic Wall

1. a. manubrium

b body

c. xiphoid process

2. 2nd rib

3. ribs 1-7

4. T5

5. T4

6. a. innermost intercostal 

b. internal intercostal 

7. a. internal thoracic artery

b. aorta

8. right

9. a. vein

b. artery

c. nerve

10. a. depresses lower ribs

b. elevates upper ribs

11. a. lateral thoracic artery

b. internal thoracic artery

12. a. musculophrenic artery

b. superior epigastric artery 

13. T4/T5

14. 6th costal cartilage

Pleura and Lungs

1. a. costal pleura

b. mediastinal pleura

c. diaphragmatic pleura

d. cervical pleura

2. azygos vein

3. arch of the aorta

4. pulmonary ligament

5. T4 – T5

6. a. accessory hemiazygos vein

b. azygos v.

7. right 

8. a. 8th rib

b. 10th rib

c. 12th rib 

9. 6th costal cartilage

10. 4th costal cartilage

11. a. 6th rib

b. 8th rib

c. 10th rib

12. 6th costal cartilage

13. 4th costal cartilage

14. a. T3

b. 5th

c. 6th123

15. a. 5th rib

b. 4th 

16. C3, C4, C5 

17. right superior lobe 

18. anterior scalene

19. anterior (the phrenic nerve lies anterior to the root of the lung) 

20. pericardiophrenic artery and vein