Human Anatomy Self-Assessment Review Questions and answers

• Pelvis and Perineum 
• Cardiovascular System 

Abdomen

1. Name the layer of fascia located immediately deep to the transversus abdominus muscle.

_____________________________________________________________

2. What structure forms the posterior wall of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

_____________________________________________________________

3. Name two (2) arteries that perfuse the anterior abdominal wall, that originate from the external iliac artery?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

4. Name two (2) arteries that perfuse the anterior abdominal wall that originate from the femoral artery?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

5. What artery forms an anastomotic connection with the inferior epigastric artery?

_____________________________________________________________

6. What spinal nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the umbilicus?

_____________________________________________________________

7. What artery supplies the rectus abdominus muscle at the level of the arcuate line?

_______________________________________________________________

8. Name the attachments of the inguinal ligament.

a. superolateral ____________________________________

b. inferomedial ____________________________________

9. What structure forms the deep inguinal ring?

_______________________________________________________________

10. What structure forms the superficial inguinal ring?

_______________________________________________________________

11. The femoral nerve, artery and vein enter the thigh by coursing deep to the inguinal ligament. What is the anatomical relationship of these three structures, from medial to lateral?

a. ________________________________________________________

b. ________________________________________________________

c. ________________________________________________________

12. What structure contributes to each of the three (3) layers of the spermatic cord?

a. external spermatic fascia _____________________________

b. cremaster fascia _____________________________

c. internal spermatic fascia _____________________________

13. Which of the abdominal muscles gives rise to the cremaster muscle?

______________________________________________________________

14. What nerve provides motor innervation to the cremaster muscle?

______________________________________________________________

15. Name the tubular structure associated with the testes where sperm cells are stored until ejaculation.

____________________________________________________________

16. What structure of the abdomen gives rise to the tunica vaginalis of the testes?

____________________________________________________________

17. Into what veins do the right and left testicular veins drain?

a. right testicular vein _________________________________

b. left testicular vein _________________________________

18. Name the three (3) parts of the greater omentum.

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

19. Name the two (2) parts of the lesser omentum.

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

20. What three (3) structures are located within the hepatoduodenal ligament?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

21. The muscular wall of the esophagus is formed by both smooth and striated muscle. Indicate the type of muscle that is found in each of the three (3) regions of the esophagus listed below.

a. proximal 1/3 ___________________________________

b. middle 1/3 ___________________________________

c. distal 1/3 ___________________________________

22. What nerve provides motor innervation to each of the three (3) regions of the esophagus?

a. proximal 1/3 ___________________________________

b. middle 1/3 ___________________________________

c. distal 1/3 ___________________________________

23. Name the four (4) parts (regions) of the stomach.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________

24. What arterial branch of the aorta gives rise to branches that supply the stomach?

_____________________________________________________________

25. What arteries form the anastomotic network located on the lesser curvature of the stomach AND what is the origin of each of these arteries?

a. _______________________ _____________________

b. _______________________ _____________________

26. What arteries form the anastomotic network located on the greater curvature of the stomach AND what is the origin of each of these arteries?

a. _______________________ _____________________

b. _______________________ _____________________

27. Name the three (3) major branches of the celiac trunk.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

28. Name the three (3) branches of the common hepatic artery.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

29. Name the two (2) branches of the gastroduodenal artery.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

30. Name the two (2) veins that drain into the portal vein.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

31. What two (2) structures form the common bile duct?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

32. What two (2) structures drain into the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater)?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

33. Into which part of the duodenum does the hepatopancreatic ampulla drain?

____________________________________________________________

34. What structure marks the point where the hepatoduodenal papilla enters the duodenum?

____________________________________________________________

35. What structure drains into the duodenum by way of the minor duodenal papilla?

____________________________________________________________

36. At what level of the vertebral column does the horizontal part (3rd part) of the duodenum cross the vertebral column?

____________________________________________________________

37. What artery lies immediately anterior to the horizontal part of the duodenum?

____________________________________________________________

38. What structure “supports/suspends” the small intestine at the level of the duodenal-jejunal junction?

____________________________________________________________

39. Which parts of the duodenum are considered to be retroperitoneal?

____________________________________________________________

40. Which parts of the duodenum are supplied by branches of the celiac artery?

____________________________________________________________

41. The superior mesenteric artery supplies arterial blood to the intestine. Indicate the proximal most part and the distal most part of the intestine that receives arterial blood supply by way of branches of the superior mesenteric artery.

a. proximal most part __________________________________

b. distal most part __________________________________

42. What part(s) of the intestine receive arterial blood supply by way of branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

____________________________________________________________

43. What part(s) of the intestine are drained by branches of the inferior mesenteric vein?

____________________________________________________________

44. Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?

____________________________________________________________

45. What three (3) structures form the portal triad?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

46. What structure divides the liver into left and right lobes?

____________________________________________________________

47. Which two (2) lobes of the liver lie on either side of the porta hepatis?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

48. The round ligament (ligamentum teres) of the liver is a remnant of what embryological structure?

____________________________________________________________

49. The ligamentum venosum of the liver is the remnant of what embryological structure?

____________________________________________________________

50. In its course to the right kidney, the right renal artery passes (anterior / posterior) to the inferior vena cava.

____________________________________________________________

51. In its course from the left kidney to the inferior vena cava, the left renal vein passes (anterior / posterior) to the aorta.

____________________________________________________________

52. Indicate the origin of each of the suprarenal arteries listed below.

a. superior suprarenal art. ___________________________

b. middle suprarenal art. ___________________________

c. inferior suprarenal art. ___________________________

53. Which spinal cord segments are the origin of the greater splanchnic nerve?

____________________________________________________________

54. Which spinal cord segments are the origin of the lesser splanchnic nerve?

____________________________________________________________

55. Name the structure that forms the lateral umbilical fold.

____________________________________________________________

56. Name the structure that forms the medial umbilical fold.

____________________________________________________________ 

57. At what vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate to form the common iliac arteries?

____________________________________________________________

58. At what vertebral level do the common iliac veins join to form the inferior vena cava? 

____________________________________________________________

59. What are the five (5) branches of the superior mesenteric artery? 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________

e. ______________________________________________________

60. What are the three (3) branches of the inferior mesenteric artery? 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

61. What paired lymphatic structures drain into the cisterna chyli?

____________________________________________________________

62. What two (2) nerves lie in the inguinal canal? 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________ 

63. Are the tendinous intersections of the abdominal wall located above or below the arcuate line? 

____________________________________________________________ 

64. Name the plexus of nerves that lies on the anterior surface of the bifurcation of the aorta. 

____________________________________________________________ 

65. What section of the small intestine is associated with Meckel’s diverticulum?

____________________________________________________________ 

66. What are the three (3) parts of the teniae coli?

a. ______________________________________________________ 

b. ______________________________________________________ 

c. ______________________________________________________

67. What nerve lies on the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle? 

____________________________________________________________

68. What are the two (2) components of the superficial layer of abdominal fascia?

a. ______________________________________________________ 

b. ______________________________________________________

69. What component of the spermatic cord is formed by the deep fascia of the abdomen?

____________________________________________________________

70. What component of the penis is formed by the deep fascia of the 

abdomen?

____________________________________________________________

71. What are the eight (8) branches of the lumbar plexus? 

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

d. _____________________________________________________

e. _____________________________________________________

f. _____________________________________________________ 

g. _____________________________________________________

h. _____________________________________________________

72. Name the tributaries of the inferior vena cava.

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

d. _____________________________________________________

e. _____________________________________________________

f. _____________________________________________________ 

73. Name the origin of each of the arteries listed below that perfuse the stomach.

a. short gastric artery ____________________

b. left gastric artery ____________________

c. right gastric artery ____________________ 

d. left gastroepiploic artery ____________________

e. right gastroepiploic artery ____________________ 

74. Name the muscles hat pass beneath the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments of the respiratory diaphragm.

a. medial arcuate ligament ____________________

b. lateral arcuate ligament ____________________ 

75. Name the three (3) abdominal organs with veins that drain into the splenic vein.

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

76. Name the three (3) borders of the lumbar triangle.

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________ 

77. Name the three (3) borders of the inguinal triangle.

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

78. What embryonic structure is located in the free margin of the falciform ligament?

____________________________________________________________

Answer Key 

1. a. sternal angle (angle of Louis)

b. T4-T5 intervertebral disc

2. a. anterior interventricular artery

b. circumflex artery

c. left marginal artery.

d. lateral (diagonal)

3. a. posterior interventricular artery

b. right marginal artery

c. AV nodal branch

d. SA nodal branch

4. tricuspid valve

5. a. intermediolateral nucleus.

b. superior, middle, inferior cervical gang.

c. dorsal motor nucleus

d. cardiac plexus

6. a. brachiocephalic trunk

b. left common carotid artery

c. left subclavian artery

7. superior vena cava

8. right atrium

9. right pulmonary artery

10. anterior cardiac veins

11. esophagus

12. a. left internal jugular vein

b. left subclavian vein

13. anterior

14. anterior

15. anterior

16. posterior

17. posterior

18. posterior

19. posterior 

20. right

21. anterior

22. subclavian artery

23. vena caval hiatus

24. anterior

25. posterior

26. a. T12

b. T8

c. T10 

27. the second intercostal space on the right side along the lateral sternal border

28. the fifth intercostal space on the left side along the lateral sternal border

29. the second intercostal space on the left side along the lateral sternal border 

30. the fifth intercostal space on the left side on or near the midclavicular line

31. parietal layer of serous pericardium 

32. right ventricle

33. right coronary artery

34. thoracic aorta 

35. left pulmonary artery