Abdomen
1. Name the layer of fascia located immediately deep to the transversus abdominus muscle.
_____________________________________________________________
2. What structure forms the posterior wall of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?
_____________________________________________________________
3. Name two (2) arteries that perfuse the anterior abdominal wall, that originate from the external iliac artery?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
4. Name two (2) arteries that perfuse the anterior abdominal wall that originate from the femoral artery?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
5. What artery forms an anastomotic connection with the inferior epigastric artery?
_____________________________________________________________
6. What spinal nerve provides sensory innervation to the skin of the umbilicus?
_____________________________________________________________
7. What artery supplies the rectus abdominus muscle at the level of the arcuate line?
_______________________________________________________________
8. Name the attachments of the inguinal ligament.
a. superolateral ____________________________________
b. inferomedial ____________________________________
9. What structure forms the deep inguinal ring?
_______________________________________________________________
10. What structure forms the superficial inguinal ring?
_______________________________________________________________
11. The femoral nerve, artery and vein enter the thigh by coursing deep to the inguinal ligament. What is the anatomical relationship of these three structures, from medial to lateral?
a. ________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________
12. What structure contributes to each of the three (3) layers of the spermatic cord?
a. external spermatic fascia _____________________________
b. cremaster fascia _____________________________
c. internal spermatic fascia _____________________________
13. Which of the abdominal muscles gives rise to the cremaster muscle?
______________________________________________________________
14. What nerve provides motor innervation to the cremaster muscle?
______________________________________________________________
15. Name the tubular structure associated with the testes where sperm cells are stored until ejaculation.
____________________________________________________________
16. What structure of the abdomen gives rise to the tunica vaginalis of the testes?
____________________________________________________________
17. Into what veins do the right and left testicular veins drain?
a. right testicular vein _________________________________
b. left testicular vein _________________________________
18. Name the three (3) parts of the greater omentum.
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
19. Name the two (2) parts of the lesser omentum.
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
20. What three (3) structures are located within the hepatoduodenal ligament?
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
21. The muscular wall of the esophagus is formed by both smooth and striated muscle. Indicate the type of muscle that is found in each of the three (3) regions of the esophagus listed below.
a. proximal 1/3 ___________________________________
b. middle 1/3 ___________________________________
c. distal 1/3 ___________________________________
22. What nerve provides motor innervation to each of the three (3) regions of the esophagus?
a. proximal 1/3 ___________________________________
b. middle 1/3 ___________________________________
c. distal 1/3 ___________________________________
23. Name the four (4) parts (regions) of the stomach.
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________
24. What arterial branch of the aorta gives rise to branches that supply the stomach?
_____________________________________________________________
25. What arteries form the anastomotic network located on the lesser curvature of the stomach AND what is the origin of each of these arteries?
a. _______________________ _____________________
b. _______________________ _____________________
26. What arteries form the anastomotic network located on the greater curvature of the stomach AND what is the origin of each of these arteries?
a. _______________________ _____________________
b. _______________________ _____________________
27. Name the three (3) major branches of the celiac trunk.
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
28. Name the three (3) branches of the common hepatic artery.
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
29. Name the two (2) branches of the gastroduodenal artery.
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
30. Name the two (2) veins that drain into the portal vein.
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
31. What two (2) structures form the common bile duct?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
32. What two (2) structures drain into the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater)?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
33. Into which part of the duodenum does the hepatopancreatic ampulla drain?
____________________________________________________________
34. What structure marks the point where the hepatoduodenal papilla enters the duodenum?
____________________________________________________________
35. What structure drains into the duodenum by way of the minor duodenal papilla?
____________________________________________________________
36. At what level of the vertebral column does the horizontal part (3rd part) of the duodenum cross the vertebral column?
____________________________________________________________
37. What artery lies immediately anterior to the horizontal part of the duodenum?
____________________________________________________________
38. What structure “supports/suspends” the small intestine at the level of the duodenal-jejunal junction?
____________________________________________________________
39. Which parts of the duodenum are considered to be retroperitoneal?
____________________________________________________________
40. Which parts of the duodenum are supplied by branches of the celiac artery?
____________________________________________________________
41. The superior mesenteric artery supplies arterial blood to the intestine. Indicate the proximal most part and the distal most part of the intestine that receives arterial blood supply by way of branches of the superior mesenteric artery.
a. proximal most part __________________________________
b. distal most part __________________________________
42. What part(s) of the intestine receive arterial blood supply by way of branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
____________________________________________________________
43. What part(s) of the intestine are drained by branches of the inferior mesenteric vein?
____________________________________________________________
44. Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?
____________________________________________________________
45. What three (3) structures form the portal triad?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
46. What structure divides the liver into left and right lobes?
____________________________________________________________
47. Which two (2) lobes of the liver lie on either side of the porta hepatis?
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
48. The round ligament (ligamentum teres) of the liver is a remnant of what embryological structure?
____________________________________________________________
49. The ligamentum venosum of the liver is the remnant of what embryological structure?
____________________________________________________________
50. In its course to the right kidney, the right renal artery passes (anterior / posterior) to the inferior vena cava.
____________________________________________________________
51. In its course from the left kidney to the inferior vena cava, the left renal vein passes (anterior / posterior) to the aorta.
____________________________________________________________
52. Indicate the origin of each of the suprarenal arteries listed below.
a. superior suprarenal art. ___________________________
b. middle suprarenal art. ___________________________
c. inferior suprarenal art. ___________________________
53. Which spinal cord segments are the origin of the greater splanchnic nerve?
____________________________________________________________
54. Which spinal cord segments are the origin of the lesser splanchnic nerve?
____________________________________________________________
55. Name the structure that forms the lateral umbilical fold.
____________________________________________________________
56. Name the structure that forms the medial umbilical fold.
____________________________________________________________
57. At what vertebral level does the aorta bifurcate to form the common iliac arteries?
____________________________________________________________
58. At what vertebral level do the common iliac veins join to form the inferior vena cava?
____________________________________________________________
59. What are the five (5) branches of the superior mesenteric artery?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________
e. ______________________________________________________
60. What are the three (3) branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
61. What paired lymphatic structures drain into the cisterna chyli?
____________________________________________________________
62. What two (2) nerves lie in the inguinal canal?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
63. Are the tendinous intersections of the abdominal wall located above or below the arcuate line?
____________________________________________________________
64. Name the plexus of nerves that lies on the anterior surface of the bifurcation of the aorta.
____________________________________________________________
65. What section of the small intestine is associated with Meckel’s diverticulum?
____________________________________________________________
66. What are the three (3) parts of the teniae coli?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
67. What nerve lies on the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle?
____________________________________________________________
68. What are the two (2) components of the superficial layer of abdominal fascia?
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
69. What component of the spermatic cord is formed by the deep fascia of the abdomen?
____________________________________________________________
70. What component of the penis is formed by the deep fascia of the
abdomen?
____________________________________________________________
71. What are the eight (8) branches of the lumbar plexus?
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
d. _____________________________________________________
e. _____________________________________________________
f. _____________________________________________________
g. _____________________________________________________
h. _____________________________________________________
72. Name the tributaries of the inferior vena cava.
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
d. _____________________________________________________
e. _____________________________________________________
f. _____________________________________________________
73. Name the origin of each of the arteries listed below that perfuse the stomach.
a. short gastric artery ____________________
b. left gastric artery ____________________
c. right gastric artery ____________________
d. left gastroepiploic artery ____________________
e. right gastroepiploic artery ____________________
74. Name the muscles hat pass beneath the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments of the respiratory diaphragm.
a. medial arcuate ligament ____________________
b. lateral arcuate ligament ____________________
75. Name the three (3) abdominal organs with veins that drain into the splenic vein.
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
76. Name the three (3) borders of the lumbar triangle.
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
77. Name the three (3) borders of the inguinal triangle.
a. _____________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________
78. What embryonic structure is located in the free margin of the falciform ligament?
____________________________________________________________
Answer Key
1. a. sternal angle (angle of Louis)
b. T4-T5 intervertebral disc
2. a. anterior interventricular artery
b. circumflex artery
c. left marginal artery.
d. lateral (diagonal)
3. a. posterior interventricular artery
b. right marginal artery
c. AV nodal branch
d. SA nodal branch
4. tricuspid valve
5. a. intermediolateral nucleus.
b. superior, middle, inferior cervical gang.
c. dorsal motor nucleus
d. cardiac plexus
6. a. brachiocephalic trunk
b. left common carotid artery
c. left subclavian artery
7. superior vena cava
8. right atrium
9. right pulmonary artery
10. anterior cardiac veins
11. esophagus
12. a. left internal jugular vein
b. left subclavian vein
13. anterior
14. anterior
15. anterior
16. posterior
17. posterior
18. posterior
19. posterior
20. right
21. anterior
22. subclavian artery
23. vena caval hiatus
24. anterior
25. posterior
26. a. T12
b. T8
c. T10
27. the second intercostal space on the right side along the lateral sternal border
28. the fifth intercostal space on the left side along the lateral sternal border
29. the second intercostal space on the left side along the lateral sternal border
30. the fifth intercostal space on the left side on or near the midclavicular line
31. parietal layer of serous pericardium
32. right ventricle
33. right coronary artery
34. thoracic aorta
35. left pulmonary artery
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