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Human Anatomy Self-Assessment Review Questions and answers

Diagram of the larynx


Neck and Larynx

1. What are the four (4) parts of the deep cervical fascia? 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________ 

2. What two (2) muscles are ensheathed by the investing layers of the deep cervical fascia? 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

3. What four (4) structures are enclosed within the pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia?

a. ______________________________________________________ 

b. ______________________________________________________ 

c. ______________________________________________________ 

d. ______________________________________________________

4. What are the three (3) main structures enclosed within the carotid sheath? 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________ 

c. ______________________________________________________

5. What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________ 

6. What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________ 

7. What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________ 

8. What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

a. ____________________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________________

c. ____________________________________________________ 

9. What muscles are boundaries of the muscular triangle?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

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10. What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________ 

11. What muscles comprise the infrahyoid muscles of the neck?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________ 

c. _____________________________________________________

d. _____________________________________________________

12. What muscles comprise the suprahyoid muscles of the neck?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

 d. _____________________________________________________ 

13. What muscle abducts the vocal folds? 

____________________________________________________________

 14. What nerve provides motor innervation to this muscle?

____________________________________________________________

15. What two muscles adduct the vocal folds?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

16. What nerve provides motor innervation to these muscles?

____________________________________________________________

17. What laryngeal muscle lies on the external surface of the larynx?

____________________________________________________________

18. What nerve provides motor innervation to this muscle?

____________________________________________________________

19. What nerve provides sensory innervation to the mucosal lining the internal surface of the larynx?

____________________________________________________________

20. The roots of the brachial plexus course through the root of the neck by passing between which two of the scalene muscles?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

21. The subclavian artery courses through the root of the neck by passing 

___________________________ to the anterior scalene muscle.

22. The subclavian vein courses through the root of the neck by passing 

___________________________ to the anterior scalene muscle. 

23. What is the anatomical landmark that marks the point where the subclavian artery 

becomes the axillary artery?

_____________________________________________________________

24. What are the five (5) branches of the subclavian artery? 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________ 

c. ______________________________________________________ 

d. ______________________________________________________

e. ______________________________________________________

25. What artery is the origin of the superior thyroid artery? 

_____________________________________________________________ 

26. What artery is the origin of the inferior thyroid artery? 

_____________________________________________________________

27. What veins merge to form the retromandibular vein?

a. ______________________________________________________ 

b. ______________________________________________________ 

28. What veins merge to form the external jugular vein?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________ 

29. What veins merge to form the brachiocephalic vein? 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________ 

30. What spinal segments give rise to the phrenic nerve?

_____________________________________________________________

31. What spinal segments give rise to the ansa cervicalis? 

_____________________________________________________________

32. At what vertebral level does the common carotid artery bifurcate to form the internal and external carotid arteries? 

_____________________________________________________________

33. Sympathetic chain ganglia from what segmental levels fuse to form the superior cervical ganglion?

_____________________________________________________________ 

34. Sympathetic chain ganglia from what segmental levels fuse to form the middle cervical ganglion?

_____________________________________________________________

35. Sympathetic chain ganglia from what segmental levels fuse to form the inferior cervical ganglion?

_____________________________________________________________

36. Name the six (6) branches of the external carotid artery (not including the two terminal branches).

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________

e. ______________________________________________________

f. ______________________________________________________

37. Name the two (2) terminal branches of the external carotid artery.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

 38. What are the three (3) branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

39. What are the four (4) branches of the cervical plexus?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________ 

40. What muscle divides the subclavian artery into three parts?

____________________________________________________________

41. Into what veins do the three (3) thyroid veins drain? 

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________ 

42. What two (2) triangles are found within the posterior triangle of the neck?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

88

43. What are the borders of the occipital triangle?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

44. What are the borders of the omoclavicular triangle?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________ 

45. What muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles?

___________________________________________________________

46. What muscle separates the subclavian artery from the subclavian vein in the root of the neck? 

___________________________________________________________

47. What nerve provides motor innervation to the sternocleidomastoid?

___________________________________________________________

48. What is the name of the posterior primary ramus of the C2 spinal nerve?

___________________________________________________________

49. What type of receptors are found in each of the following?

a. carotid body _______________________________________

b. carotid sinus _______________________________________

50. Name the three (3) major branches of the arch of the aorta in order from proximal to distal. 

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________ 

51. What nerve in the neck lies on the anterior surface of the anterior sca-lene?

_____________________________________________________________

52. Beneath what structure does the recurrent laryngeal nerve “recur” on each side?

a. right side _________________________________________

b. left side _________________________________________

53. What is the origin of each of the following arteries that supply the thyroid gland? 

a. inferior thyroid artery __________________________________

b. superior thyroid artery __________________________________

54. Into what veins do each of the three (3) thyroid veins drain?

a. superior thyroid vein _________________________________

b. middle thyroid vein _________________________________

c. inferior thyroid vein _________________________________ 

55. What vertebral body would be crossed by a horizontal line passing posteriorly from superior edge of the thyroid cartilage? 

____________________________________________________________

56. Name the membrane that fills the space anteriorly between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage.

____________________________________________________________

57. Name the membrane that fills the space anteriorly between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage.

___________________________________________________________

58. What laryngeal muscle is NOT innervated by the inferior laryngeal nerve?

___________________________________________________________

59. What two (2) structures pass through the thyrohyoid membrane? 

a. nerve ______________________________________________

b. artery ______________________________________________

60. What nerve provides sensory innervation to the mucosal lining of the larynx?

___________________________________________________________

61. Name the membrane through which the internal laryngeal nerve passes to enter the larynx. 

___________________________________________________________ 

62. Name the laryngeal cartilage that serves as the posterior attachment of the vocal ligament. 

___________________________________________________________ 

63. What ligamentous structure does the vertebral artery pass through immediately before entering the skull? 

___________________________________________________________

64. What nerve innervates the platysma muscle?

___________________________________________________________ 

65. Which tracheal rings are covered by the isthmus of the thyroid gland? 

___________________________________________________________

66. What are the seven (7) tributaries of the internal jugular vein? 

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

d. _____________________________________________________

e. _____________________________________________________

f. _____________________________________________________ 

g. _____________________________________________________ 

67. What two (2) branches of the vagus nerve arise in the jugular fossa?

a. _____________________________________________________ 

b. _____________________________________________________ 

68. Which pharyngeal constrictor lies in proximity to the superior parathyroid gland?

___________________________________________________________ 

69. What nerve passes through the thyrohyoid membrane?

___________________________________________________________ 

70. Which branch of the external carotid artery carries postganglionic sympathetic 

fibers to the sublingual salivary glands? 

___________________________________________________________

71. Which triangle of the neck do the subclavian artery and vein pass through? 

___________________________________________________________ 

72. Through which triangle of the neck does the spinal accessory nerve pass?

___________________________________________________________

73. Which part of the brachial plexus passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles? 

_____________________________________________________________

74. Which cervical sympathetic ganglia contributes fibers to the brachial plexus?

_____________________________________________________________ 

75. What six (6) cartilages comprise the larynx?

a. ______________________________________________________ 

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________ 

e. ______________________________________________________

f. ______________________________________________________ 

76. Name the two (2) mucosal folds that border the laryngeal ventricle.

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

77. What muscle form part of the laryngeal vocal fold?

_____________________________________________________________

78. Which cervical vertebra typically does not have a transverse foramen?

_____________________________________________________________

79. What nerve lies adjacent to the external jugular vein on the superficial surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

____________________________________________________________

80. What five (5) nerves emerge from the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid into the posterior triangle of the neck?

a. _____________________________________________________

b. _____________________________________________________

c. _____________________________________________________

d. _____________________________________________________

e. _____________________________________________________

81. What nerve passes between the middle and posterior scalene muscles into the posterior triangle of the neck?

____________________________________________________________ 

82. What two (2) arteries course laterally on the anterior scalene muscle into the posterior triangle of the neck?

a. ______________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

83. Does the omohyoid muscle lie (anterior/posterior) to the external jugular vein in the carotid triangle?

____________________________________________________________

84. Which of the infrahyoid (strap) muscles does not have an attachment to the hyoid bone?

____________________________________________________________

Answer Key

1. a. investing fascia

b. pretracheal fascia

c. prevertebral fascia

d. carotid sheath

2. a. sternocleidomastoid

b. trapezius

3. a. infrahyoid muscles

b. thyroid gland

c. trachea

d. esophagus

4. a. carotid arteries

b. internal jugular vein

c. vagus nerve

5. a. midline of neck

b. anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

c. inferior border of mandible

6. a. anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

b. posterior belly of digastric

c. superior belly of omohyoid

7. a. posterior belly of digastric

b. anterior belly of digastric

c. inferior border of mandible

8. a. anterior belly of digastric

b. hyoid bone

c. midline beneath mandible

9. a. superior belly of omohyoid

b. anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

c. sternohyoid

10. a. anterior border of trapezius

b. posterior border of sternocleidomastoid

c. superior border of clavicle

11. a. sternohyoid

b. thyrohyoid

c. sternothyroid

d. omohyoid

12. a. digastric

b. stylohyoid

c. mylohyoid

d. geniohyoid

13. posterior cricoarytenoid

14. internal laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal)

15. a. lateral cricoarytenoid

b. transverse arytenoid

16. internal laryngeal nerve

17. cricothyroid

18. external laryngeal nerve

19. internal laryngeal nerve

20. a. anterior scalene

b. middle scalene

21. posterior

22. anterior

23. lateral border of first rib

24. a. vertebral artery

b. thyrocervical trunk (artery)

c. internal thoracic artery

d. costocervical trunk (artery)

e. dorsal scapular artery

25. external carotid artery

26. common carotid artery

27. a. superficial temporal vein

b. maxillary vein

28. a. retromandibular vein

b. posterior auricular vein

29. a. internal jugular vein

b. subclavian vein

30. C3, C4, C5

31. C1, C2, C3

32. C4

33. C1 - C4

34. C5 and C6

35. C7, C8, (T1)

36. a. ascending pharyngeal artery

b. occipital artery

c. posterior auricular artery 

d. superior thyroid artery

e. lingual artery

f. facial artery

37. a. maxillary artery

b. superficial temporal artery 

38. a. inferior thyroid artery

b. transverse cervical artery

c. suprascapular artery

39. a. lesser occipital nerve

b. great auricular nerve

c. transverse cervical nerve 

d. supraclavicular nerve(s) 

40. anterior scalene

41. a. internal jugular vein

b. internal jugular vein

c. left brachiocephalic vein 

42. a. occipital triangle

b. omoclavicular triangle

43. a. anterior border of trapezius

b. posterior border of sternocleidomastoid

c. inferior belly of omohyoid

44. a. posterior border of sternocleidomastoid

b. inferior belly of omohyoid

c. superior border of the clavicle 

45. sternocleidomastoid

46. anterior scalene

47. spinal accessory nerve (XI)

48. greater occipital nerve

49. a. chemoreceptors

b. baroreceptors 

50. a. brachiocephalic artery (trunk)

b. left vertebral artery

c. left subclavian artery

51. phrenic nerve

52. a. right subclavian artery

b. arch of the aorta or ligamentum arteriosum

53. a. thyrocervical trunk

b. external carotid artery

54. a. internal jugular vein

b. internal jugular vein

c. brachiocephalic vein

55. C4

56. cricothyroid membrane

57. thyrohyoid membrane

58. cricothyroid muscle

59. a. internal laryngeal nerve (branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)

b. superior thyroid artery

60. a. internal laryngeal nerve

b. inferior laryngeal nerve

61. thyrohyoid membrane

62. arytenoid cartilage

63. posterior atlantooccipital membrane

64. facial nerve

65. 2nd, 3rd and 4th 

66. a. sigmoid sinus

b. inferior petrosal sinus

c. lingual vein

d. pharyngeal veins

e. facial vein

f. superior thyroid vein

g. middle thyroid vein

67. a. meningeal branches

b. auricular branch

68. inferior pharyngeal constrictor

69. internal laryngeal nerve 

70. facial artery

71. omoclavicular triangle (of the posterior triangle)

72. occipital triangle (of the posterior triangle)

73. roots of the brachial plexus

74. middle and inferior cervical ganglia (stellate)

75. a. thyroid cartilage

b. cricoid cartilage

c. arytenoid cartilage

d. corniculate cartilage

e. cuneiform cartilage 

f. epiglottic cartilage

76. a. vestibular folds

b. vocal fold

77. vocalis 

78. C7

79. great auricular nerve

80. a. lesser occipital nerve

b. spinal accessory nerve

c. supraclavicular nerve 

d. transverse cervical nerve 

e. great auricular nerve 

81. dorsal scapular nerve 

82. a. transverse cervical artery 

b. suprascapular artery

83. anterior

84. sternothyroid muscle

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